Slavery And Its Effects On Society - 1440 Words

Slavery spans to nearly every culture, nationality, and religion and from ancient times to the present day. Slavery was a legal institution in which humans were legally considered property of another. Slaves were brought to the American colonies, and were utilized in building the economic foundations of the new world. In the 18th century, new ideas of human rights and freedom emerged out of the European Enlightenment stretching across the Americas and Europe. By the era of the American Revolution, the belief that slavery was wrong and would ultimately have to be abolished was widespread, in both the Americas and northern Europe. However, the southern states of the United States believed that slavery is essential to their way of living and providing history, and religion to defend slavery. Although slavery offered economic benefits and is supported by history, and religion, it’s fundamentally unethical because it demoralized their natural human rights and has negative effects o n society. Defenders of slavery argued that slavery played an importance to the American economy. After the establishment of English colonies in North America, slavery became a major economic importance in the southern area. The rich grounds were perfect for farming popular crops, such as tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton, however, it required a massive amount of manpower to work the vast lands. By the 17th century, to supply the high demand for slaves, a system of trade was developed, called the TriangleShow MoreRelatedSlavery And Its Effect On Society1801 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery reached its highest level of infamy in eastern Europe and persisted for a time in the American colonies. Throughout history the best recollection of slavery appeared during the time when the African people first arrived to Europe and when the colonies had first developed into the earliest roots of the United States of America. Based on that statement one would believe that slavery had not existed before that time period or that the consequences and relevance of it had little historical, socialRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society1361 Words   |  6 Pageshuman beings. They did not like their circumstance of being another human’s property and understood that in order to survive, they had to accommodate what they could not change. The â€Å"Peculiar Institution† was named to lessen the harsh definition of slavery, which was delusional vision on the part of antebellum Southern capitalist. Masters valued slaves for the labor they produced and the amount of capital each one could generate, not necessarily as human’s with minds, souls, or emotions; any slaveRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society898 Words   |  4 Pagesfreeing the slaves. In 1858, Lincoln stated that the United States had to become either an all slave country or all free country. By this time, the Union and the Confederacy have shown their opinions on bondage, with the union anti-slav ery and the Confederacy pro-slavery. The United States could not be a half-free country and half -lave country otherwise the war would have: one, been pointless because they would not have solved anything as well as lost lives without a cause, and two, the states whereRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesLizeth Prieto Andrea Arevalo Ana Reza Alyssa Ruiz English 10 October 30, 2016 Dehumanized Humans Since the year 1619, slavery has been around, and there are thousands of victims that have been a part of this segregation. African Americans suffered and were mistreated throughout years, due to the existence of segregation of color. Individuals were treated like toys, objects, tortured, and killed for the fact of that their color of their skin is differentRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society854 Words   |  4 Pagesyou had been robbed? Would these feelings cause you to feel trapped†¦maybe even a like a slave? Slavery comes in many different forms. Most of the time, we think of slavery in the physical sense; for example, a physical restriction or a physical limitation placed upon you by an opposing force. However, there is another aspect of slavery, one that is lesser-known yet equally impactful, mental slavery. Not knowing how to liberate your mind, to discover and capitalize on surrounding and imminentRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society Essay1911 Words   |  8 Pagestearing families apart and subjecting human beings to inhuman treatment. Slavery is taught in history classes as a thing of the past. The first movement against its unethical transatlantic exploitation was led by William Wilberforce, who passed a bill through the British Parliament in 1833 that was meant to end human trafficking (Fisanick). Jumping forward into the present, almost all countries have banned and illegalized slavery (Fisanick). However, what if you were told that 600,000 to 800,000 humanRead Mor eEffects of Slavery on American Society2112 Words   |  9 Pages African American slavery has a dramatic impact on slaves and it changed all time periods in American society throughout America’s history. From the 1600’s when slaves first arrived from Africa, through the Civil War, Great Depression, Civil Rights Era and up until today, slavery’s impact has been felt in America. Slavery was brought to America as early as 1619, but we chose to keep it here for over 200 years, longer than any other country who also adopted the ways of slavery. Our economy flourishedRead MoreEffects Of Slavery On The American Society Essay2196 Words   |  9 PagesGerson Ventura and effect essay Nov 3rd, 2015 Cause and effect of slavery on the American society The term slave is defined as a person held in servitude of another, or one that has no control to a dominating influence. A long time ago people realized that the slaves could be used to make a profit, and during the early 16th century, and sailors began to travel to Africa to get slaves. In the history of America from 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery occurred within the countryRead MoreThe Effects of Slavery on Our Society Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Slavery is an institution for converting men into monkeys.† What if all our rights were stripped from us when we wake up tomorrow? Slavery is something many of us can hardly imagine. Being bought and sold like a savage, getting treated like property, unprotected from slander and insults, being denied the basic rights of humanity, and being systematically subdued by society to think that you are no better than the dirtiest animals that live on the earth. Bread to work long grueling days, slaves leadRead MoreFrederick Do uglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1434 Words   |  6 Pagesstory to a pre-Civil War American public, which had a tremendous effect on the views whites had about slavery and its role in American society. Douglass became a self-educated man as he grew up within the entanglements of slavery, but as a child he did not realize the effect that knowledge would eventually have on his life. His mistress, Sophia Auld, began teaching him how to read until his master Hugh Auld warned her against its effects on the regression of Douglass’s quality as a slave. In his renowned

Dealing with the Class Gap During the Progressive Era

The early to mid 1900s proved to be a whirlwind for politics and society as a whole. While there were a plethora of issues to be dealt with within the Progressive Era, one of the most noteworthy issues to discuss would be that of the working class and the businessmen of the first quarter of the 1900s. The reason why these two portions of society within the Progressive Era are the most relevant to discuss stems from the fact that during the Progressive Era there was a great gap between the upper-class (businessmen) and the lower-class (working class). It was during this time that the country was experiencing great changes to its political platform with several new types of initiatives being taken. The applicability of these reforms and initiatives during this era will be talked about. As a first example, consider the case of the working class citizens as a whole. With an economy that was starting to become consumer based, the working class citizens made up a large sector that had an i mpact. In order for the working class to have their voice heard, the labor union movement gained traction and political initiatives such as minimum wages, new jobs, social security, and reform acts such as the National Labor Relations Act were formed by the mid 1900s. The Progressive Era introduced solutions for the working class, seeing that the ideology of Progressive advocates was that there should be governmental assistance in any socioeconomic issues that the country is afflicted with.Show MoreRelatedPoverty, Poor, And Poor1754 Words   |  8 PagesThe concepts of â€Å"worthy† and â€Å"unworthy† poor came about during the English Poor Laws that were introduced in the 1500’s. The English poor laws classified poor or dependent people into three major categories and established many requirement before aid was provided. Dependent persons were categorized as: vagrant (nomadic; with no permanent home or employment), the involuntary unemployed and the helpless . In effect, the poor laws separated the poor into two classes which were the worthy and the unworthyRead MoreChapter 20 Ap Us History Notes3648 Words   |  15 PagesChapter 20 Hippo Notes I. Reform A. Origins of Progressivism 1. Bounded by the end of the nineteenth century and the American entry into World War I, the Progressive Era brought dramatic changes to the nation’s economic, political, and social sectors. 2. Progressives included both men and women from various ethnic groups, classes, and occupations who challenged traditional attitudes about the American way of life.   3. The reformers fought to overcome inefficiencies in governmentRead MoreChildren s Socialization And Control Of Children Before The 1800s1805 Words   |  8 Pages1. What role did the family play in the socialization and control of children before the 1800s? During the Middle Ages and through the 1500s and 1600s, the family served as the primary unit of social control. Within the family, power was typically vested in the father, and the mother and the children were expected to obey his commands. However, the nuclear family of today was relatively rare in the middle ages. Rather, a typical family consisted of an extended group of related people and other individualsRead MoreThe Myth Of Racial Americ Color Blind Racism3433 Words   |  14 Pageswhat the eminent sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silvia (2001, 2011, 2014) calls â€Å"the new racism,† namely â€Å"color-blind racism†? The second is more specific: how does the ideology of â€Å"color-blind racism† ope rate institutionally in the post-civil rights era? Professor Bonilla-Silvia implores the race analyst â€Å"to decipher how it is that race matters in a racially stratified society at a particular historical juncture,† and that we â€Å"must study the practices, institutions and ideologies that help sustainRead MoreEssays for the American Pageant, 14th Ed.11068 Words   |  45 Pagesof these groups of non-English settlers in North America before 1775. French Dutch Scots Irish German African Response Strategy It is important to point out that English settlers were a definite majority of those in North America during the entire eighteenth century. However, the proportion declined from about twenty to one in 1700 to only about three to one by 1775. So a good essay should point out that the significance of non-English groups was increasing. The next task is toRead MoreBy Outlining the Current Global Political Economy, Discuss to What Extent the Current Global Political Economy Undermines National Development in the South.4509 Words   |  19 Pagesinteraction and integration, then globalization as a concept is not new to the South and the world in general. The IMF (International Monetary Fund), World Bank and others remain convinced that globalization will continue to be a vehicle for closing the gap between the industrial countries and the rest of the world (Saleh M. Nsouli and Francoise Le Gall: 2001). The IMF defines globalization as the growing economic integration of goods, services, and capital markets. As such, it is not a new phenomenonRead MoreThe Louisiana Weekly: an Historical Overview Essay4015 Words   |  17 PagesAmericans publish in the United States. The weekly paper published in New Orleans for 80 years, as of 2005, has chronicled the ups and downs of black people, particularly before the mid-1960s when mainstream newspapers began the slow climb toward progressive reporting of the affairs of blacks. Constant Charles Dejoie, Sr., president of the Unity Industrial Life Insurance Company in New Orleans, invested approximately $2,000 and founded The Louisiana Weekly, the first issue of which was dated SeptemberRead MoreHistory of Electricity in Kerala - Dr D Shina12889 Words   |  52 Pageshydroelectric project was set up in Kaveri River at Sivasamudram in 1902. This was for power supply to the gold fields at Kolar. However, commissioning of the hydroelectric project Simshapur in Karnataka can be considered the starting of the Electricity Era in India. The Simshapur Power Station was set up to feed power to Bharat Gold Mines and the Mysore Maharaja’s Palace. 2 A 3000 kW Power Station was commissioned in Madras City in 1906 by the Madras Electric Supply Corporation Ltd. The Jhulum HydroelectricRead MoreHistory and Rolls of Law Enforcement in America10094 Words   |  41 PagesThese community volunteers would patrol the streets at night. Keeping an eye on what s happening and spreading the news. Saying things like Nine o clock and all is well, the town crier would warn people of external threats, too. Men in that era would often resort to dueling to settle disputes. Attempts to move personal conflicts into the court system often held counter to the widely held belief that honorable men should handle their differences privately. Yet as the population grew communitiesRead MoreTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 Pagesnotion of the criminal to be products of the institutional structures and cultural values that enforce capitalism. Accordingly, this thesis explores a variety of social theorists, from functionalists to postmodernists, in an attempt to understand the gaps present within criminological and sociological discourse; and offers the reader a multi-dimensional view of the individual criminal. To accomplish this, Chapter 1 offers the reader introductory information that helps to contextualize the points

Bell hooks Essay Example For Students

Bell hooks Essay Is Education Equal?The United States provides our society with the undeniable right to learn. The right to higher education is not limited to the middle and upper classes; it allows the less privileged, minorities, as well as both sexes, to receive an equal education. Two arguments which present interesting views on higher education are bell hook’s â€Å"Keeping Close to Home† and Adrienne Rich’s â€Å"What Does a Woman Need to Know?† Hooks views higher education with a concern for the underprivileged, whereas Rich views it with a concern for women. Of the two works, I personally do not agree with Rich’s argument. Bell hooks views higher education to be a time in which we find ourselves and learn more about who we are. This concept remains difficult on the underprivileged because they do not want to be known for their background. They see themselves as less privileged, and therefore want to keep this hidden from their new society. These students face many obstacles in their lives; college presents a whole new and much larger challenge. The transition is also hard on them. They want to fit in and hide their past, but at the same time, they do not want to lose sight of their upbringings. Hooks felt that she was an outsider in college, because she herself came from an underprivileged background, while most of her peers came from privileged backgrounds. Hooks states, â€Å"I did not intend to forget my class background or alter my class allegiance†(88), but she felt that in order to succeed, she must change who she was. Society, peers, and educators make assumptions that label the underpriv ileged and minorities as â€Å"‘lower class’ people† who have â€Å"no beliefs or values†(88). Professors expect these students to perform badly because of their past and their reputation in today’s society. The students are not given the fair chance other students receive. Knowing the way society portrays them, the students keep to themselves. Even after they prove to be serious and capable students, they are still looked down upon. Hooks, at first, thought that in order to succeed in college, she must change who she was, to blend in with her peers. She said many â€Å"believe that assimilation is the only possible way to survive, to succeed.†(89). After going through the transition and facing these obstacles herself, hooks came to the conclusion that this was not the case. She has maintained close ties with her family, knows where she came from, and has succeeded in life. Hook’s essay tells us that you can maintain close relationship s with home and still succeed. Not only are the underprivileged discriminated against, but women are too. One extreme feminist side, Adrienne Rich claims that women are not getting what they deserve when it comes to higher education. Rich states, â€Å"There is no woman’s college today which is providing young women with the education they need for survival as whole persons in a world which denies women wholeness†(45). This, of course, is all due to male dominance. Rich believes women are outsiders in man’s world. She wants women to keep their outsider’s view and not think like men when they are placed in a prominent position. The sense of male supremacy discourages women from performing at an equal level. This goes along with the idea that â€Å"feminist studies are ‘unscholarly,’ ‘biased,’ and ‘ideological’†(46). Rich claims that the education women are receiving is leaving them powerless and vulnerable. She believes â€Å"that without su ch an education, women have lived and will continue to live in ignorance of our collective context†(45). Because of male dominance over women’s education, the chance for women to be educated the way women should be educated is one that Rich believes does not exist. Because of Adrienne Rich’s extreme views and harsh tone towards men, I disagree with her view on higher education. Just as Rich, I do believe that women have the right to an education. Men do not have a hidden agenda to keep women powerless in the world as Rich implies. Despite the fact that this argument was given almost twenty years ago when women’s rights were a controversy, her view of women, even then, is a bit demeaning.

System of Protection for Asylum Seekers and Refugees Internship

Introduction A refugee refers to an individual who has fled his or her country to seek shelter, protection or other basic human needs in another country. There are different situations that may force an individual out of his or her country, some of them being characterized by gross violation of human rights.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on System of Protection for Asylum Seekers and Refugees Internship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These different situations can lead to the mass movement of groups of individuals, usually civilians, or fleeing of few individuals of eminent personalities in the country. In addition, a protracted warfare that is experienced in a given country may force some of the civilians that are affected by war to flee from the country to another country in need of protection. Clashes that are often witnessed among neighboring ethnic communities have also been seen to contribute to the displ acement of some proportion of a given population.  The members of some minority communities may be evicted by rival group. The same applies to the citizens of a country that experiences war with countries. In addition, residents of a war-torn section of a country may be forced out of their residential homes to seek protection elsewhere. Moreover, political temperatures in a country also contribute to the displacement of citizens that become asylum seekers. For instance, a political coup attempt may result into a war between the military on the side of the government and the opposition that attempts to overthrow the government. Civilians are often the victims of such violent circumstances and are forced to flee the country. They are supposed to receive some protection from the government and if this has failed, then they feel they should run away for safety (Selm-Thorburn, 1998). Members of the rebel group or some liberation movement often flee their country for fear of being oppre ssed by the present government. These liberation movements find it convenient to lay strategies and implement their planned attacks while they are outside their country. This also applies to some senior official in the current government of a given country that has had an ideological difference with his or her seniors and fears that he or she may be assassinated. Regardless of the roots and the immediate cause of refugees and asylum seekers, these individuals have certain common problems that need to be addressed by the host nations. The majority of these individuals have lost all the property from which they would obtain the basic human needs.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some have lost members of their families to the violent wrangles or disasters whereas others have families disintegrated with little possibilities of ever coming together again. The experiences of the refu gees on their way from the cruel land are quite tormenting. Some have been psychologically upset due to the loss of property and relatives and the experiences they encountered during the exodus. The refugees and asylum seekers, thus, require psychological therapy and proper guidance and counseling. They still require education and other forms of training that can enable them realize their dreams in life.  The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) is an agency under the United Nations that deals wit the refugees from different parts of the globe. There is need to determine a true refugee who should be accommodated in given country. These systems will examine the roots and the immediate causes of the asylum seekers and establish their viability. A host nation may unknowingly protect and accommodate, as a refugee, a criminal or a terrorist from an enemy nation who can plan massive attack on the country or from the host country. The bodies at the local and international levels obtain support from other donor agencies and international organization to help meet the needs of the refugees. There is still more to be done by the international agencies concerned with the refugees. While providing a solution for the immediate problems, there is also a need to determine the ways that can help prevent more influx of the refugees. An analysis of the areas that are prone to sending away refugees will provide an insight on the better preventive mechanisms that may be employed. About the organization The System of protection for asylum seekers and refugees (SPRAR) is an Italian national system that deals with refugees and asylum seekers. The system began to develop in the beginning of the last decade following a joint work by different non-governmental organizations, the Ministry of Interior in Italy, the National Association of the Italian Municipality (ANCI), and the UNHCR (Servizio Centrale- History of the Reception System, 2011a,). These different bodies co nsidered the situations that had been recorded in the systems of receiving refugees in 1999 and 2000 and approved the National Asylum Program (PNA). The system flourished in the country and drew support from local and national departments. SPRAR was legally instituted in 2002 from the reception measures that had been established in the PNA. A body was also instituted by the Ministry of Interior that would support the local institutions that provided the reception to refugees and asylum seekers. Under the management of the National Association of the Italian Municipality, the established Central Service would provide ‘Information, Promotion, Advice, Monitoring, and Support to the local bodies’ (Servizio Centrale, 2011a).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on System of Protection for Asylum Seekers and Refugees Internship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The local bodies in the SPRAR protection system obta in financial support from the National Funds for Asylum Policies and Services to carry out their activities (SPRAR, 2009, p.6). They also obtain support from various non-governmental organizations and other volunteer individuals and not-for-profit organizations. There is also a fraction of financial support obtained from the European Refugee Fund from the European Commission. In return, the protection system provides a wide range of services to the refugees and asylum seekers. Apart from the provision of food and accommodation, the protection system also provides guidance and support to help improve the economic and social status of the refugees. The SPRAR considers two main categories of individuals that can benefit from their projects. The first category comprises individuals who are seeking international protection. In many instances, most of these individuals have applied for international protection and are waiting for a decision following their application. The other category includes those that have been granted protection and are absorbed in the refugee centers or given any other support as may be required (SPRAR, 2009). Aims of the organization The SPRAR projects in Italy are intended to remove the burden that is placed on a central government agency in dealing with the refugees and asylum seekers in the country. The systems are aimed at improving the kind of reception that is provided to the refugees in the refugee centers. By involving actors from all sectors of the economy, the protections systems attempt to provide for the needs of the refugees and help them regenerate and develop into responsible and dignified members of a society. Ethos of the organization In setting the aims and objectives, an organization has to draw from certain principle and values. The achievement of the above aims and objectives is enhanced by the kind of organizational values and principles that are applied in its activities. These sets of values that define the culture o f the organization are called its ethos. As a system that provides accommodation to individuals that are displaced from their original residential homes the SPRAR protection considers respect for others very essential in performing its activities. Refugees are mainly those that have been forced by circumstances to lose respect for themselves and for others. The system has identified the need to have respect among the refugees in a given camp and between the refugees and the staff that run the protection institutions. There is need to respect the cultural and ideological differences that are to be witnessed in this new society.  Another characteristic that is valued by the system is love and care. The experiences that most of the victims have had, made them loose that sense of love. They often cannot make a meaning of being loved and neither do they offer love to others.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The integrated reception provided by the protection centers can only be possible if the workers at these institutions are caring and loving. The respect for others will be enhanced by the love and empathy that one has for these individuals. In this context, the organization also values the privacy and confidentiality in an individual. It is difficult to exercise privacy in the refugee accommodations due to lack of enough space. While in the accommodations provided by the center the refugees can form some groups in which they share their experiences. Some of the victims had different violations of human rights such as rape or abduction. It is required that the information about an individual’s experiences remain confidential either with the counseling staff or with the group member who shared the experiences. The health safety is also considered in the system. In as much as the victims require some form of protection, the system also recognizes the fact that they need to recei ve services that are sensitive to the health hazards that may emerge. The system has purposed that the refugees be subjected to healthy living conditions including shelter and meals. The organization also values a sense of understanding and having a feeling for other people. The system recognizes the needs of the employees at different institutions to understand the situations that the victims are undergoing. They need to imagine themselves in such situations and apply the necessary ethnic principles. They need to handle the refugees in a manner that they would appreciate if applied on them. The principle of equality is also fundamental in the operations at the various centers in the system. In as much as the accommodations draw individuals from diverse situations, the system sees a need to have some equality in the execution of their services. The UNHCR requires that those that are eligible to be granted international protection should not be denied such an opportunity (Redmond, 20 05; Feller et al, 2003). The elements of discrimination should not be evident in the provision of the services to the refugees. This, however, does not preclude the special attention to the victims that are exposed to greater risks and need special assistance. The pressures and challenges facing the organization There are challenges that are faced by the protection system in attempting to provide its services to the refugees and asylum seekers. Firstly, despite the financial support that the protection institutions obtain from the government and other donor agencies, the whole system is still faced with the problem of lack of enough funds. There is an increasing need for the provision of the services due to the increasing number of the victims of human rights violations. Italy has also had issues with the UNHCR over how the refugees have been handled in the last decade (Redmond, 2005). This could be attributed to the fact that the refugee protection in Italy is based on the fundamen tal norms to promote humanitarian behaviors and that have not been changed into fundamental legislation (Cuko, 2010, p.36). The increasing number of the refugees also poses a challenge on the organizational management. There is a frequent need to restructure the organization at the institutions that provide the protection services to the refugees to be able to accommodate the growing population. There is need to optimize the resources that are available while not lowering the quality of the services that are offered by the institutions (SPRAR, 2009). There is a constant need to establish or acquire more facilities. Besides, the maintenance of the existing facilities like houses also poses challenges to SPRAR and the supporting agencies.  Another problem that is faced by the system is the diverse needs of the asylum seekers and the refugees. These individuals have undergone different experiences and need different kinds of attention. Some of the refugees are adults who have undergo ne some training and have skills that can be applied in some sectors of the economy. Others are adults but lack basic skills that could be applied in the economic fields whereas others are minors that need education alongside accommodation and food. Similarly, there are those that criticized the government and escaped a planned assassination by the top government officials. These individuals have different levels of exposure to more risks and need to be handled differently. The diverse needs of the refugees and asylum seekers are, thus, a challenge in an attempt to standardize the conditions at the refugee reception institutions. There is a problem in caring for differently vulnerable individuals (SPRAR, 2009, p.4). In the refugee camps, the refugees could also develop further complications that add on the cost of their accommodation. While at the establishment, I encountered a woman who was diagnosed with cancer when under protection by the SPRAR. The woman who was already engaged in some occupation was forced to leave her job and obtain good care. Fortunately, the protection system managed to help her and she is currently fit to take on a job. There are cases that are hard to deal with and perhaps the standard procedures of managing them had not been developed by the system. Other than diverse needs of the refugees, some cases proved difficult to handle when I was at the organization. There was a young woman who had been sexually abused. This experience seemed to have had permanent psychological damage on the woman. Despite the care provided at the centers, the woman showed no signs of improvement. One other critical case was a man who had also had ugly experiences like imprisonment and torture. When in the country, he was also charged for theft. The care that was provided to him at the centers seemed not to provide a good therapy. He later moved on to stay in France. Such unique cases are hard to handle and no standard procedures may be developed to manage them.  The cultural diversity among the asylum seekers and the refugees is also a challenge that the system faces. The refugee reception centers receive victims from many different countries with the most diverse cultures. These victims with different cultural backgrounds have to be made to be one society and co-inhabit some niche. The individuals also have different lifestyles. There is a difficulty in developing a common organizational culture based on this diversity. There is need to cultivate in the refugees the need to respect and be able to accommodate the other cultures. Another challenge is the language barrier and the difference in the educational systems of Italy and the refugees’ countries of origin. In training such refugees as an attempt to help them make the ends meet, it would be required that they first learn the local language. While this may be advantageous to the refugee, it adds on the cost of the reception of the refugees by the protection centers. The difference in the educational system also impedes the attempt to model the refugees who had undergone some professional training before the flight to apply their knowledge and skills in the local setting. Cases have been seen where a professional refugee is not able to apply his or her professional knowledge and skills as they are in Italy. Such individuals are forced to start adapting to the system in Italy before they can apply their skills and expertise. The other challenges include the irregular migratory patterns that make the planning processes difficult in Italy (Redmond, 2009). The SPRAR has a problem in identifying the asylum seekers. The organization is well aware of the greater number of vulnerable individuals who need accommodation and other forms of protection. There is, perhaps, a barrier between the institutions and the vulnerable children. This may not allow for the identification of this category. A report in 2009 had showed that about 200 minors had been absorbed i nto the centers that support the asylum seekers (SPRAR, 2009, p.3). This number was observed to be far less than the expected number of the vulnerable children that need support. Available opportunities The SPRAR protection system also has certain opportunities that could be exploited to enhance their service delivery. An analysis of the historical politics on the emigrants into the country as well as the patterns that had been recorded earlier can help in developing a system that is more effective. Although the country has witnessed different political views on migration (Puggioni, 2006) the challenges that an organization faces and the attempts to provide their solution can often create some useful opportunities. The system has noticed that some vulnerable individuals are not under their protection and could get into more danger. The need to provide an explanation to this scenario has called for a combined effort of the SPRAR and the other governmental and non-governmental bodies. With such a commitment, it is necessary to develop new ideas and obtain useful materials to help maintain the protection system (SPRAR, 2009). Organizational strategies and tactics To achieve the goals that have been set, the SPRAR protection system has adopted a number of strategies that have seen the system succeed in many instances. Firstly, the system includes a wide range of actors from the public and private sectors. The actors include NGOs, various departments of the government, the non-profit organizations, charity groups, and individual volunteers. The Ministry of Interior and Local Authorities is particularly involved in promoting the activities of SPRAR (Servizio Centrale, 2011b). There exists a strong connection between all these actors and the local managing bodies. This ensures that there is free flow of resources from the central government to the individual local bodies. The collaboration between the local government and the non-governmental organization was necessa ry to solve the financial problems (Finotelli, 2004). Another effective strategy that has been applied by the system is the use of a decentralized system (Servizio Centrale, 2011b). SPRAR developed an idea that was also seen in Germany. This involved empowering the local authority in developing asylum policies to deal with the problems of the refugees (Finotelli, 2004). The management of funds and other resources would be difficult if the reception of the refugees were to be performed at the national level. The increased diversity would make the management of such camps cumbersome. There are certain needs of the refugees that may be common in some region. Thus, the decentralization of the services enables proper mitigation of such local problems. The organization leads the nation in marking the World Refugee Day every year. This annual event is carried out in different countries of the world to focus on various issues affecting the refugees internationally. SPRAR had established an asylum seekers program in Sardinia in 2007 under the management of Association Cooperation and Confrontation â€Å"La Collina†. The organization carried out the last year event in Cagliari, a city in the island of Sardinia. In the event, the refugees were involved in various activities like theatre shows aimed at improving cohesion. The theme for the last year’s event was â€Å"Home: A safe place to start.† This was meant to restore hope in the refugees who still had difficulties in traveling back home. The local authorities that managed the systems at the lower levels opted for an integrated reception for the refugees (SPRAR, 2009). The protection system purposed to provide the immediate and the long-term solutions to the problems of the refugees in the camps. They do not only provide the refugees with food and accommodation but also offer other services of social and economic significance to the refugees. There are language lessons imparted at certain stages t o help the refugees learn the systems in Italy. The adult refugees who have some professional qualifications need to adapt to the Italian system and this is easily achieved through learning the language. There are professional training offered to the refugees that can enable them earn a living. Sporting activities are also included for the youthful refugees that can help identify some unexploited talents.  The local authorities have also demonstrated their commitments to promoting the integrated reception projects. The commitments of the stakeholders and other actors at the local level have been a key factor towards realizing the objectives of the SPRAR system. This has enabled the implementation of the integrated reception projects in the refugee centre. There is a good coordination between the different local bodies. This has supported the initiatives to help the refugees regain their status in the society in accordance with the United Nations objectives and goals implemented th rough the UNHCR, which has been to resettle refugees back to their original countries after the end of a crisis (Mklebust, 1997). The system is concerned with the spiritual, moral, psychological, and different other aspects of growth in the individuals in the centers. Thus, irresponsible behaviors like alcoholism and drug abuse are not tolerated in the camp. A case occurred while at the center whereby a refugee in the camp grew violent and attacked others after taking alcohol. The management did not spare the individual despite his poor social and economic status. The individual was arrested and charged alongside the dealer who sold drugs to the refugees.  The protection systems are sensitive to the diverse needs of the refugees and asylum seekers. These individuals have varied problems that need to be addressed differently. There are special considerations given to the victims living with HIV/AIDS. Another special group that needs the attention of the protection system is minors who are not accompanied by their parents. It is always easy to accept and approve the vulnerability of such minors to more dangers and their need for protection. The protection systems in Italy have provided the minors with the opportunities to develop into full human beings. They have had opportunities to learn Italian and study other professional subjects that can enable them earn a living independently. Some of the minors have had a chance to be registered as citizens of the country (SPRAR, 2009). Some achievements in the organization Despite the problems and challenges that have impeded the operation of the system, there are certain achievements that can be pointed out so far. Firstly, the system has succeeded in coming up with a mechanism which collectively helps in fighting for the rights of the refugees. It has managed to draw the attention of different individuals from various sectors to help collectively in reinstating the asylum seekers to their respectable human status in the society. The system has also succeeded in developing a multicultural society that recognizes the cultural diversity among the different members. By holding on the values like love and respect for others, the workers in the various local bodies have managed to establish an effective environment for the cohabitation of different cultures. The refugees in the accomodations are not supposed to stay there for a lifetime. The camp should harbor the refugees for a limited time period of six months while the long term solutions to their problems are being sought. The dynamic situations that may force individuals to flee their countries are still evident and more refugees are expected in the camps. There is then a need to ease the congestion at the centers. As a way of relieving the refugee centers of the pressure that could be exerted due to the increasing flow, it is necessary that the refugees that have obtained the required protection including training and guidance be resettled els ewhere. The system assists various individuals or families and releases them when they are fit to survive independently. During the integrated reception, the victims have to prove their ability and willingness to be self-reliant. The system has succeeded in successfully training adults and resettling the individuals afresh (SPRAR, 2009). Such individuals will be role models to others in the camps and could be used as reference points by the staff during guidance and training. A case was witnessed where an individual was provided with resources by SPRAR to reestablish himself. The individual managed the resources successfully and started a new life in Cagliari.  The organization has also gone a milestone in promoting education among the minors in the camps (SPRAR, 2009). The system has seen an increased number of the minors attending educational institutions. The education provided at these institutions prepares the minors to meet their social and economic needs when they grow up. They also enable the children to learn how the Italian systems like language and culture that are necessary for an individual staying in the country works. This also encourages an individual who would want to obtain the Italian citizenship after he is fully established. The guidance provided at the centers enable the minors to handle the difficult situations that may reemerge in the future. In the learning process, sporting activities that can help the children identify their specific talents are also involved. The role and place of the host organization in the wider human rights movement The issues on human rights are currently of concern by the international governmental and non-governmental organizations (Henkin, 1979). The human rights movements are concerned with ensuring that justice is practiced to all individuals across the cultures. It also aims at upholding all the cultures protecting those minors vis-à  -vis the mainstream ones (Welch, 2001). The organization has played key roles in promoting human rights movement in Italy in the recent years. In the first place, the move to provide an integrated reception to the refugees enables these individuals to realize their dreams that were long lost due to their previous displacement and past traumas. These individuals have all the rights that any other human being has. The individuals have the right to life, self-expression, freedom of speech, security, education, health services and even participation in national issues just like the others. The violation of such rights is the main concern of the human rights movements. By the integrated reception, SPRAR promotes the human rights movement in ensuring that justice is practiced to the refugees. Secondly, the strategy that has been applied by SPRAR in collaborating with the central government and the local authority has manifested a system of governance that is effective in all the social organizations. The system has thus been adopted by the other areas wit hin Italy (SPRAR, 2009). Concluding remarks and recommendations The organization can be accredited in establishing a mechanism that does not only provide a remedial solution to the problems faced by the refugees but also develops the refugees into individuals that can survive independently. The system has succeeded in helping establish new families from the refugee camps. Nevertheless, there is still a lot to be done to manage the refugees and the situations that may force individuals to seek refuge elsewhere. Firstly, it is important to focus on the original roots of the situations that result into refugees. The system should link up with the governments and the other authorities from the countries of origin of the refugees. The respective governments are better placed to solve the crises that would force a section of the population to move outside the country. The national agencies need to comply with the provisions of the international organizations like the UNHCR to establish ef fective ways of determining the causes of the flow of refugees from some given geographical areas. Italy was seen to violate the provisions of the UNHCR by sending refugees from Libya back to their country (Redmond, 2009). Most of these governments have subsidiaries that deal with the violation of human rights. By involving the law-enforcers and following the legal procedures that are established by each government, the cases of violation of human rights can be minimized.  There are situations that may be identified by the governments but the immediate solution fails due to lack of enough resources. The system needs to collaborate with more donor agencies, political bodies, and commercial businesses to provide immediate assistance to victims that have suffered some violation. Reference List Cuko, S. 2010. The Human Rights of Refugees: the Italian Solution Aalborg University (Online) Available from http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:yV5EmXtfhsAJ:projekter.aau.dk/projekter/fil es/19018364/TESI_FINAL_uploaded_digital_library.doc+Italian+legislation+on+refugeeshl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEESg_nxa2NHD4LBn2PrLXvU_hBpCs_iipEHQN1doroRabLko1jMNrdzN7d2h5TaqJ9TJNFAj7SluI1eB0Ojddqx_PAXCpvvMq_lHyoegcQwm4d8VoCt5mOXul6pGP_wX4nBvYetdYsig=AHIEtbRVtSx64F4Ly_nbyENDtVZKTsUpnApli=1 Feller, E. et al. 2003. Refugee protection in international law: UNHCR’s global consultations on international protection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Finotelli, C., 2004. The reception of refugees in Italy and in Germany: local strategies for global problems. ISTR Sixth International Conference. Web. Available from: http://atlas-conferences.com/c/a/m/l/43.htm . Henkin, L., 1979. The rights of man today. London: Taylor Francis Mklebust, R., 1997. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Web. Available from: http://www.nato.int/sfor/partners/unhcr/unhcr.htm . Puggioni, R., 2006. Refugees reception and the construction of identities: encountering Kurdish refugees in Italy. Enc ountering Kurdish refugees, Vol 54, No. 2. Web. Available from: http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol5no2_2006/puggioni_reception.htm . Redmond, R., 2005. Italy: UNHCR deeply concerned about Lampedusa deportations of Libyans. Web. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/news/opendoc.htm?tbl=NEWSid=423ab71a4page=news . Redmond, R., 2009. Follow-up from UNHCR on Italy’s push-backs. Web. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/4a0966936.html . Selm-Thorburn, J., 1998. Refugee protection in Europe: lessons of the Yugoslav crisis. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Servizio Centrale. 2011. History of the Reception System. Web. Available from: http://www.serviziocentrale.it/?Historyi=15 . Servizio Centrale. 2011. SPRAR. Web. Available from: http://www.serviziocentrale.it/?Sprari=16 . SPRAR- Protection System for Asylum Seekers and Refugees. 2009. Summary of the 2008-2009 Report. Web. Available from: http://www.anci.it/Contenuti/Allegati/Abstract%202008_2009%20SPRAR%20re port.pdf . Welch, C., 2001. NGOs and human rights: promise and performance. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. This report on System of Protection for Asylum Seekers and Refugees Internship was written and submitted by user Nickolas Roth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.